Step 1:
Define and answer the question: “What is nationalism?”
Your responses will then be posted on a Cloud Bank:
ABCya! Cf. http://www.abcya.com/word_clouds.htm
Next, a reading will be displayed:
“The Roots of Nationalism” for students to read aloud in class (also read by Vozme: Cf. http://vozme.com/index.php?lang=en).
In-class assignment:
After reading, discuss with a partner, and then you will answer the questions that follow "Roots" on a separate sheet of paper (to be handed in at the end of class).
THE ROOTS OF NATIONALISM
What is Nationalism? Nationalism is a state of mind, in which the supreme loyalty of the individual is felt to be due the nation-state. A deep attachment to one's native soil, to local traditions and to established territorial authority has existed in varying strength throughout history. But it was not until the end of the eighteenth century that nationalism in the modern sense of the word became a generally recognized sentiment increasingly molding all public and private life. Only very recently has it been demanded that each nationality should form a state, its own state, and that the state should include the whole nationality. Formerly, man's loyalty was due not to the nation-state, but to differing other forms of social authority, political organization and ideological cohesion such as the tribe or clan, the city-state or the feudal lord, the dynastic state, the church or religious group. Throughout many centuries the political ideal was not the nation-state but theoretically a world-wide empire comprising various nationalities and ethnic groups on the basis of a common civilization and for the assurance of a common peace.
Nationalities are the products of the living forces of history, and therefore fluctuating and never rigid. They are groups of the utmost complexity and defy exact definition. Most of them possess certain objective factors distinguishing them from other nationalities like common descent, language, territory, political entity, customs and traditions, or religion. But it is clear that none of these factors is essential to the existence or definition of nation-states.
Publication Information: Book Title: Nationalism: Its Meaning and History. Contributors: Hans Kohn - author. Publisher: D. Van Nostrand. Place of Publication: Princeton, NJ. Publication Year: 1955. Page Number: 9.
Questions:
Do you agree with this definition? Why or why not? Is it similar to what was brainstormed in the beginning of class? If not, how is it different?
Give two examples from history of former individual loyalty (i.e., the tribe or clan, the city-state, or the feudal lord, the dynastic state, the church or religious group).
Step 2:
a) Next we will consider a Nationalism quote by the German philosopher Georg (this is the proper spelling) Hegel. Consider the quote and state whether you agree or disagree and why.
b) Discuss responses to the questions.
Quote: “In order to become truly free, the individual must identify with a larger entity than the family or the community; only a complete relationship with the nation can produce true freedom for the individual.” (Hegel)
Questions:
1. How does this perspective of freedom compare with the philosophes of the Enlightenment?
2. With whom do you agree (Hegel or the Philosophes)? And why?
Source: Johann B. Stallo, an American Hegelian, on Hegel's concept of the ultimate goal of history: http://gyral.blackshell.com/hegel/heghist.html
Step 3:
a) The Revolutions of 1848 were different than the previous revolutions that have been studied. The source of tension was this new idea of nationalism, causing revolts throughout Europe. How did nationalism impact world history?
b) Display "Compare Chart" (you may refer to pp. 374-384 in the textbook) and work with your partner, or in small groups if necessary, to complete the chart.
c) Discuss the charts as a class.
"Compare Chart: Modern World"
Compare and Contrast the Revolutions of 1848 (and Long-Term Effects), pp. 374-384 (in the textbook)
| German States | France | Russia | Austrian Empire |
Causes
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Leading Figures
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Short – term effects
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Long- Term Effects
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d) Finally, we can label the bodies of water, cities and countries, empires and states from the Geography resource map. Identify the areas of conflict/revolt.
How to locate geographical locations on the map: if the top is North, to the right is East, to the bottom is South, and to the left is West: where are these locations?
Reference: Map, The European Revolutions of 1848,
Bodies of Water
Atlantic Ocean, Baltic Sea, Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea
North Sea
Cities
Athens, Madrid, Berlin, Moscow, Budapest, Paris, Lisbon, Vienna, London, Rome
Countries, States, Empires
Austria- Hungary, Belgium, Denmark, England, France German States, Greece, Italian States, Norway, Ottoman Empire, Portugal, Prussia, Russian Empire, Sardinia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland
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