What is philosophy?
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Philosophy1.2
SocialSciences/ppecorino/Online Textbook
Modern Philosophy Workbook & Source Material
Table of Contents
Part 1: Introduction
What Is Philosophy?
Monroe C. Beardsley and Elizabeth Lane Beardsley
The Value of Philosophy
Bertrand Russell
Defence of Socrates
Plato
Part 2: Reasoning
Logic, deductive-inductive
1. fallacies: petitio principii (begging the question), complex question, ad hominem, black and white thinking (either-or fallacy).
2. Definitions: analytical, stimulative, revelatory.
Necessary and sufficient conditions.
Scientific method
The Scope of Logic
Wesley C. Salmon
Improving Your Thinking
Stephen F. Barker
Necessary and Sufficient Conditions
Steven M. Cahn
Thinking to Some Purpose
L. Susan Stebbing
Pushover Arguments
Scott F. Aikin and Robert B. Talisse
Fixing Belief
Morris R. Cohen and Ernest Nagel
Scientific Inquiry
Carl G. Hempel
Antiscientism
Gillian Barker and Philip Kitcher
Part 3: Knowledge
Caring and Epistemic Demands
Linda Zagzebski
What Is Knowledge?
A. J. Ayer
Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?
Edmund L. Gettier
Conditions for Knowledge
Robert Nozick
Appearance and Reality
Bertrand Russell
What Can I Know?
D. Z. Phillips
The Problem of Induction
Bertrand Russell
Induction without a Problem
P. F. Strawson
Puzzling Out Knowledge
Susan Haack
Meditations on First Philosophy
René Descartes
An Essay Concerning Human Understanding
John Locke
A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge
George Berkeley
An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding
David Hume
Critique of Pure Reason
Immanuel Kant
Part 4: Mind
The Ghost in the Machine
Gilbert Ryle
Body and Soul
Richard Taylor
The Mind–Body Problem
Paul M. Churchland
What Is It Like to Be a Bat?
Thomas Nagel
The Qualia Problem
Frank Jackson
Knowing What It’s Like
David Lewis
Computing Machinery and Intelligence
Alan Turing
Do Computers Think?
John Searle
The Body Problem
Barbara Montero
Meditations on First Philosophy
René Descartes
Part 5: Free Will
Free Will
Thomas Nagel
Free Will and Determinism
W. T. Stace
Freedom or Determinism?
Steven M. Cahn
The Principle of Alternative Possibilities
Harry Frankfurt
The Capacities of Agents
Neil Levy
An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding
David Hume
The Dilemma of Determinism
William James
Part 6: God
Does God Exist?
Ernest Nagel
Why God Allows Evil
Richard Swinburne
The Desires of the Heart
Eleonore Stump
Pascal’s Wager
Simon Blackburn
Pascal’s Wager: An Assessment
Linda Trinkaus Zagzebski
The Problem of Hell
Marilyn McCord Adams
Faith and Reason
Michael Scriven
The Hiddenness of God
Robert McKim
God and Forgiveness
Anne C. Minas
God and Morality
Steven M. Cahn
The Ontological Argument
Anselm and Gaunilo
Summa Theologiae
Thomas Aquinas
Natural Theology
William Paley
Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion
David Hume
The Wager
Blaise Pascal
The Will to Believe
William James
Part 7: Identity and Immortality
A Case of Identity
Brian Smart
The Problem of Personal Identity
John Perry
The Unimportance of Identity
Derek Parfit
Life after Death
Terence Penelhum
Do We Need Immortality?
Grace M. Jantzen
An Essay Concerning Human Understanding
John Locke
A Treatise of Human Nature
David Hume
Essays on the Intellectual Powers of Man
Thomas Reid
Part 8: Moral Theory
How Not to Answer Moral Questions
Tom Regan
Moral Isolationism
Mary Midgley
The Nature of Ethical Disagreement
Charles L. Stevenson
The Rationality of Moral Action
Philippa Foot
Kant’s Ethics
Onora O’Neill
Assessing Utilitarianism
Lewis P. Pojman
A Supreme Moral Principle?
Steven M. Cahn
Virtue Ethics
Bernard Mayo
The Ethics of Care
Virginia Held
Happiness and Morality
Christine Vitrano
Existentialism
Jean-Paul Sartre
Nicomachean Ethics
Aristotle
Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals: The Categorical Imperative
Immanuel Kant
Utilitarianism
John Stuart Mill
Part 9: Moral Problems
A Defense of Abortion
Judith Jarvis Thomson
On the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion
Mary Anne Warren
Why Abortion Is Immoral
Don Marquis
Virtue Theory and Abortion
Rosalind Hursthouse
Active and Passive Euthanasia
James Rachels
The Intentional Termination of Life
Bonnie Steinbock
Famine, Affluence, and Morality
Peter Singer
World Hunger and Moral Obligation: The Case against Singer
John Arthur
The Case for Animal Rights
Tom Regan
Why Animals Have No Rights
Carl Cohen
Speaking of Animal Rights
Mary Anne Warren
Part 10: Society
Two Concepts of Citizenship
Jean Hampton
Democracy
John Dewey
Letter from a Birmingham Jail
Martin Luther King Jr.
What Is a Liberal Education?
Sidney Hook
Cultivating Humanity
Martha Nussbaum
Proportional Representation
Celia Wolf-Devine
Facing Facts and Responsibilities
Karen Hanson
What Good Am I?
Laurence Thomas
Five Faces of Oppression
Iris Marion Young
Crito
Plato
On Liberty
John Stuart Mill
Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844
Karl Marx
Part 11: Social Justice
A Theory of Justice
John Rawls
Distributive Justice
Robert Nozick
The Idea of Justice
Amartya Sen
Noncontractual Society: A Feminist View
Virginia Held
The Republic
Plato
Leviathan
Thomas Hobbes
Part 12: Art
The Role of Theory in Aesthetics
Morris Weitz
Interpreting Poetry
Charles L. Stevenson
Fearing Fictions
Kendall Walton
The Aesthetic Appreciation of Nature
Marcia M. Eaton
The Republic
Plato
Poetics
Aristotle
Part 13: Life and Death
The Trolley Problem
Judith Jarvis Thomson
Turning the Trolley
Judith Jarvis Thomson
Death
Thomas Nagel
The Badness of Death
Shelly Kagan
The Afterlife
Samuel Scheffler
How the Afterlife Matters
Harry G. Frankfurt
The Significance of Doomsday
Susan Wolf
Phaedo
Plato
Writings
Epicurus
The Handbook
Epictetus
Part 14: The Meaning of Life
The Meaning of Life
Richard Taylor
Meaning in Life
Susan Wolf
Philosophy and the Meaning of Life
Robert Nozick